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Friday, November 8, 2019

The Man Who Folded Himself by David Gerrold

This was up for the Hugo, Nebula, Locus and Jupiter awards


This is a novel that may be exhilarate and disturb. For some, it may disgust. For others, they may see precursors as having covered this before, but the novel’s target audience will be those who delight in the bizarre “sexcapades” and time paradoxes. If you are only into the latter, read the first half and the ending.

Imagine expanding the world’s greatest time-travel story (Robert A. Heinlein’s “All You Zombies”) to novel length. It might look something like David Gerrold’s The Man Who Folded Himself. There are differences, which I’ll discuss below. If you haven’t read Heinlein’s story, do so.

In Gerrold’s novel, Danny, our narrator, has inherited what he believes to be 143 million dollars since his Uncle Jim had suggested as much. So Danny is living off the fat of the land. Except it turns out, after Uncle Jim dies, that he has been living on the last of the fortune. All that is left is a belt.

The belt, though, is a time machine, which allows him to change his life.

Discussion (Spoilers Galore)

Some argue this novel should have won the major awards. The winner, Rendezvous with Rama, seems to be controversial—a mysterious, alien ship floats through space with little characterization—but others have argued for completely different novels (Lethem in favor of Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow), so perhaps that is why Clarke's novel won. Other reasons may exist.


It’s similarity to Heinlein’s work may have marred the work in some eyes, but it takes different narrative, tonal, and philosophical paths. The narrative changes (the time skip, the expansion into the sexual nature) aren’t especially significant in terms of meaning but the other two are.

In the sixties, sex seemed to have lost its taboo nature. A lot of books tried to exploit and explore the new boundaries of decency when court cases like Allen Ginsberg’s Howl won. Harlan Ellison’s Dangerous Visions, mined this vein. It is into this atmosphere the novel is released.

Danny and his future self go to the races and bet on horses. They win handsomely, knowing the outcome of events. They invest and become rich. But at some point (midway into the novel), Danny is warned by one future self that another future self will seduce him because being himself, the future selves understands his needs better than anyone.

Now the narrative is somewhat sly. The events may or may not have or will have happened. He is, after all, reading the diary of a future self, and he may or may not choose to fulfill these things, which is an intriguing concept in itself. It prevents the protagonist from actually committing acts he may but hasn’t yet committed.

Another interesting aspect is the textual assumption that one will be attracted to one’s self. Narcissism is usually a metaphorical abstraction, but here it’s literal—a physical reality. But not everyone is attracted to himself. So the text for those, will at best be strange, foreign angle, much as the text justifies itself.

A third aspect that differentiates this and makes it stand out is its tonal difference from Heinlein’s story. In Heinlein, the narrative is as epic and inescapable as Oedipus Rex. But here, flux and uncertainty about the future is the name of the game. What’s interesting about this is the narrator’s attempts to avoid this flux by remaining near his “home time” or his era since other eras become too foreign the further away he is from what he knows. Also, just as he maintains the livelihood of his own future, he tries to keep the present past aligned with his own memory of events since that might change his present.

The narrator is preoccupied with his own inevitable death, his failure at love outside himself (or even with himself) and this maintaining of his present. These and speculative inventions like the Time Skim (although not fully utilized) sets this tale at least a little distance from Heinlein’s.

It's a little surprising that this and Heinlein's story haven't been named for a Retro-Tiptree award.

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